Describing And Defining Conscience

Describing And Defining Conscience According to the definition in Colliers encyclopaedia, conscience is the human beings direct or deliberate conviction of right or wrong in resistance to the humans strong impulses and desires, conscience is the force that makes one recognise what one ought to do and bids one to do it. The problem of conscience involves two questions; what is its nature and its origin, and what is its authority? The earliest accounts of conscience, in theological tradition, explain it as the voice of God in the soul directing one to do right. 1. Modern ethics, without the appeal to supernatural principles, has developed to main theories of conscience, intuition and empiricism. Intuitionism agrees with the theological doctrine that there exists a direct and imperative certainty in right and wrong but describes this so called moral sense as a plain fact of moral nature. Various versions of intuitions have regarded the moral sense as analogous to the familiar five senses or as emotional, or as the verdict of moral reason. Empiricism rejects the claim of intuitionism as contradicted by the evidence of past experience and claims that there is no such conviction of right and wrong and that conscience is simply the cumulative inference from past experience directing future conduct. Its authority is not universal or absolute, but varies with circumstances and is ever subject to revision. 2. Conscience is a key term in Christian ethics foundation of traditional moral theology and a word familiar in popular speech. 3. Perhaps the single most important statement on conscience in the documents of Vatican 2, occurs in the Pastoral Constitution of the Church. 4. Man has in his heart a law written by God, to obey it is the very dignity of man; according to it he will be judged. Conscience is the most secret core and sanctuary of man. There he alone with God, whose voice echoes in his depths. In a wonderful manner conscience reveals that law which is fulfilled by love of God and neighbour. Infidelity to conscience, Christians are joined with the rest of men in the search for truth and for the genuine solution to the numerous problems which arise in the life of individuals an from social relationships. { Vat. 2.1966 n.pp 213-214} 1. Colliers Encyclopaedia, Vol. 7,p. 2. Colliers Encyclopaedia, Vol. 7.p. 3. MacQuarrie John, Dictionary of Christian Ethics. 4. Bier W. C. SJ. Conscience-its freedom and limitations. Traditionally, conscience has not been thought of by Christians as a special faculty, or as an intuitive voice of God with in us but simply as the mind of man making moral judgements. This is how Thomas Aquinas classically defined it. Strictly speaking conscience decides in a particular case what is to be done or avoided in the light of a grasp of general moral principles which St. Thomas called Synderesis. Conscience then, is a judgment of the practical reason at work on matters of right and wrong. 5. Indeed, in the popular mind, conscience is often taken to be a synonym for morality itself. The rights of conscience, the duty of conscience, what conscience demands or permits, all these are taken to be summaries of the human moral enterprise. In point of fact, the matter is considerably more complicated than such colloquialisms might lead us to believe. The popular understanding is at least correct is in as much as it insists on a central role for the reality of conscience. Thus, having considered what it means to be a human agent and a human person, and having sought to analyse the moral implications of that agency and that personhood, we now turn to a particular aspect of that human person, conscience. 6. In living the Christian life we have help from the past and the present. We do not face the burden of decision naked and bereft. Never the less, the decision finally must be ours. This might be a daunting prospect if the basis of the Christian life has not justification or acceptance by faith in Christ and not as a reward for a high record of conscientious moral achievement. Indeed it is precisely because the Christian is secure in the knowledge of what Christ has already done for him, that he is able to face unafraid the inevitable uncertainties of moral decisions in the present. To bring to bear moral judgments on the facts of a particular case is known as casuistry. There is much in its history which is dubious and has been questioned, but there is no escape from every Christian being a casuist once he admits that acting from the right motive is not enough; he must also seek to do what is right in the particular circumstances. The training of motive is a matter of ascetic theology; the training of the moral judgment in the situation in the education of conscience. It follows of course that conscience belongs to man as man. It is not the peculiar possession of the Christian. Having the capacity to recognise moral distinctions and apply them in particular cases is part of what we mean by a man. The actual deliverances of conscience and profoundly { and rightly } influenced by time and circumstance, though they are not determined by them. The Christian has the advantage of a more adequate understanding of human life and destiny and deeper grasp of goodness, through Jesus Christ they can be found elsewhere. He has also greater resources through the Holy Spirit in the Church on which to draw. He therefore, has the greater responsibilities. All men, whether they believe it or not, are responsible before God for acting according to their conscience and for educating their conscience according to their circumstances and possibilities. Conclusion: Conscience is what bears witness to and illuminates; conscience judges that inner awareness, evaluating it in an impartial and unbiased way {cf. also Rom. 9:1; 2 Cor 1:12f }. Conscience is not an exterior judge; it is an aspect of the self and thus understood, it can have several different qualities of its own. 5. MacQuarrie, John Dictionary of Christian Ethics, P. 66 6. OConnell, Timothy Principles for a Catholic Morality, P 83 It can be a bad conscience, denying the realities of the moral life. Conscience can function as an infallible guide to action. Paul commands his disciple Timothy to fight the good fight and hold fast to faith and a good conscience. Some men, by rejecting the guidance of conscience, have made shipwreck of their faith { 1 Tim 1: 19 f }. In the final analysis, then, the wisdom and the judgment of the Church are important, but they are not ultimately important. Therefore, the genuinely important role of Church teaching must never be allowed to deteriorate into a a loyalty test for Catholics. Is a Catholic who finds himself or herself able to agree with the judgment of the church a better Catholic than one who cannot? We must say so. For just as to use Church teaching properly is to celebrate it, to ask it to be more than it is to destroy it. To make of that valuable and cherished source of moral wisdom a tool for ecclesiastical discipline or a measure of religious fidelity is to betray it. Indeed, to see the moral teaching of the Church as a test of Catholic loyalty is ultimately to violate the nature of the Church, the nature of humanity and surely the nature of conscience. What do mean by the formation of conscience? The journey of the Christian begins at the moment of conception and ends on death when one is re-united with God and enters a new state of being. Their calling in life is to be the Christian fully alive- repent and believe, the Kingdom of God has come. Moral philosophy is the old fashioned name for ethics while moral theology is the discussion of the principles which govern the behaviour of man/woman. James Fowler described Faith Development in six stages. Stage 1; extends from infancy to approximately age 6. We receive faith from our parents, not by formal teaching but by picking up basic parental attitudes towards God, Christ, prayer, the Church and so on. The childs vision of God is that of a loving parent or threatening personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. which ever the parent projects on to the child. The child is intuitiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ picks up the moods etc. from parent adult. Stage 2; generally extends from age 7 to 12. The child receives faith from a parent or parent substitute e.g. siblings, member of extended family or a teacher in school. We pass on stories of Christianity-what we believe and what we do because of what we believe. We pass these beliefs and actions to children in a simple literalform. Children love stories. Stage 3; begins at age 13 and for many extends right through adulthood. The child now receives faith from ones environment or group. The game plan in life is to belong to a group. Now the child wants to get into middle of a group and stay there. They want to be members and do what the group does. There is security in the group-the herd instinct! Stage 4; this is called a transition stageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. when one realises that one is accountable for ones life. One is responsible for ones faith and one realises that hiding in a group is no longer possible. Leaving stage 3 means that we feel a greater need for community. Stage 5 ; is attained at about age 30à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. we become mature, liberated persons. We can now deal with organisation and individual uniqueness, logic and intuition. The whole world is now open to us. Stage 6 ; the minimal age for attaining this stage is 38. Fowler says that very few of us reach this stage. The person here becomes a God lover, a people lover, a community person, a strong individual, a pioneer, a barrier breaker e.g. St. Paul. When we speak of conscience 1, we are referring to a general since of value, an awareness of personal responsibility, which is utterly characteristic of the human person. To be human is to be accountable. It is to be a being in charge of ones life. This human capacity for self-direction equally implies a human responsibility for good direction. Indeed, so much is this true that we question the humanity of anyone who lacks an awareness of value. We have varying opinions as to what is right or wrong only because we have common realisation that it makes a difference whether a thing is right or wrong. Thus every discussion of moral values, every consideration of moral questions, has on its presupposition the existence of conscience/ 1. The human person has such a conscience, and only because of that fact is the person genuinely and truly human. What can we say of conscience ? We can assert that the word conscience, as it is generally used both in ordinary conversation and in theology, points at one or other of three quite different ideas and for purposes of simplicity, it will be referred to as conscience / 1, conscience / 2. and conscience / 3. The existence of conscience / 1 does not mean that we rest on our laurels. Quite the contrary, conscience / 1 forces individual human beings to search out the objective moral values of their situation. They feel obliged to analyse their behaviour and their world, to seek to discover what is the really good thing and what is not. This search, this exercise of moral reasoning, can also be termed an act of conscience, conscience / 2. My conscience tells me that it is wrong to take that money. Here we understand conscience / 2. conscience / 2 deals with the specific perception of values, concrete individual values. It emerges in the ongoing process of reflection, discussion and analysis in which human beings have always engaged. At the level of conscience / 2, we can differ and disagree. Some may find it right to withhold taxes used to wage war, while others will find it wrong. Some may judge our culture to be morally depraved, while others will consider it an advancement over previous ages. People disagree and that is characteristic of conscience / 2. So when we speak of conscience / 2, we are speaking of a fragile reality. We are speaking of an aspect of humankind that needs all the help it can get. It needs to be educated. Individual persons are not always to see whats there. They need assistance. If they are sincere persons, they will engage in the process known as formation of conscience. For that, indeed is a characteristic of conscience / 2: it needs to be formed. It needs to be guided, directed and illuminated. It needs to be assisted in many ways. Conscience / 2, then, is quite different from conscience / 1. Its not universal, at least in its conclusions and judgments. Conscience / 3 is consummately concrete, for it is the concrete judgment of specific persons pertaining to their own immediate action. But for all that concreteness, the judgment of conscience / 3 remains infallible. That is to say, it constitutes the final norm by which a persons action must be guided. Why is that ?. The answer lies in the unique conjunction of conscience /1 and conscience /2. It was conscience / 2 that led us to analyse and understand our situation in a particular { fallible } way. We also have conscience / 1. That aspect of conscience demands, insists, requires { infallibly } that we seek to do good and avoid evil. Everyone, of course, must ultimately follow his conscience, this means that he must do right as he sees it right { conscience /3 } with desire and effort to find and to do what is right { conscience / 2 }. Fr.Bernard Haring, The Law of Christ 1..151. Conclusion: In a fundamental way, then, the Church finds itself in the same situation as the individual moral person. Just as the individuals conscience / 2 must search for the truth of its situation and, once found, must kneel before that truth, so much the conscience of the Church. We look to that ecclesial conscience with a certain confidence and trust, but we do not ask of it what it cannot give. Throughout the whole exercise of conscience / 2, as we maturely and prudently listen for whatever wisdom we can receive, we never forget that we are looking, not for the approved, not the permitted, but for the good. We and the Church together search for the true values of our situation, and once we find those values we accept them as challenges for our lives. It is that truth, that goodness, that is Supreme; and to that both and moral agent must bow.

Conceptual Model of Strategic Data Projects

Conceptual Model of Strategic Data Projects CHOSEN SCENARIO: VINCES VINYL Analysis and Design A. Conceptual Model: A conceptual model, or a summary-level data model, is generally used on strategic data projects to describe an entire organization. As the most abstract form, it is useful in communicating ideas to a wide variety of stakeholders. Platform specific information, e.g., data types, is excluded. Other implementation details, e.g., procedures and interface definitions, are omitted. CDM (Conceptual Data Model) is typically created without consideration of database concepts and used in the initial planning phase. Business practice, rather than information similarities, defines relationships. In this phase, it is irrelevant how information is stored and managed, but primarily understanding how stored data is used is crucial. It provides the overall structure of the database and high-level information about the subject areas and/or data structures of an enterprise. Its simple purpose is to establish the Entities, their Attributes and their high-level relationships. In other words, there is little detail, consisting of the basic Entities along with their simple relationships. If any Attributes are included, they are loosely typed (e.g., no length settings). Connectors between Entities do not define relationships to specific Attributes. (UC Davis). Common characteristics of a CDM (DataModel.com): Enterprise-wide coverage of the business concepts. (For example, Customer, Product, Store, Location, Asset.) Designed and developed primarily for a business audience. Contains around 20-50 entities (or concepts) with no or extremely limited number of attributes described (sometimes minimized for printing on one page). Contains relationships between entities, but may or may not include cardinality and nullability. Entities will have definitions. Designed and developed to be independent of DBMS, data storage locations or technologies. In fact, it would address digital and non-digital concepts. This means it would model paper records and artifacts as well as database artifacts. Conceptual Model for Vinces Vinyl: The primary entities are: the owner, vendors/suppliers, customers/buyers, employees and albums. The owner purchases albums from vendors/suppliers, sells them to customers/buyers and employs part-time help, who stocks and also sells the albums to customers/buyers. (See screenshot below.) Logical Model: A logical data model, or a fully-attributed data model that is independent of DBMS, technology, data storage or organizational constraints, typically describes data requirements from the business aspect. Also referred to as LDM, it represents the (entire or partial) business requirements of an enterprise and is developed before the physical data model. It involves using the business information discovered during CDM and translating it into a relational style, empirical layout of the data. While the data modeling uses a relational model notation, the resulting data implementations using relational technologies are not required. This technique includes more detail, or Attributes. Nevertheless, it is still generic since it is not bound to a specific DBMS. It helps to define the detailed structure of the data elements in a system and the relationships between data elements. The model refines the data elements introduced by a Conceptual data model, just as it forms the basis of the physical data model. The process of creating a logical model (based on a conceptual model) involves (DataModel.com): Setting the Attributes. These later become Table Columns. Setting the Relationships. At this level, Primary Keys, Foreign Keys, etc. are not yet set. This level can be used to verify and adjust the Connector multiplicity (or, cardinality) details that were established for relationships in the Conceptual model. Common characteristics of a logical data model (DataModel.com): Typically describes data requirements for a single project or major subject area. May be integrated with other logical data models via a repository of shared entities Typically contains 100-1000 entities, although these numbers are highly variable depending on the scope of the data model. Contains relationships between entities that address cardinality and nullability (optionality) of the relationships. Designed and developed to be independent of DBMS, data storage locations or technologies. In fact, it may address digital and non-digital concepts. Data attributes will typically have datatypes with precisions and lengths assigned. Data attributes will have nullability (optionality) assigned. Entities and attributes will have definitions. All kinds of other meta data may be included (retention rules, privacy indicators, volumetrics, data lineage, etc.). In fact, the diagram of a logical data model may show only a tiny percentage of the meta data contained within the model. A logical data model will normally be derived from and or linked back to objects in a conceptual data model. A physical data model is a fully-attributed data model that is dependent upon a specific version of a data persistence technology. The target implementation technology may be a relational DBMS, an XML document, a NoSQL data storage component, a spreadsheet or any other data implementation option. Logical Model for Vinces Vinyl: Necessary aspects of the DBMS are represented to address the business solution. (See screenshots below.) Physical Design: Physical level modeling involves adding platform specific detail to the model, i.e., detail specific to the DBMS, where the database is to be deployed. This can be accomplished by creating a copy of the logical model and by adding the physical definitions. It includes all required tables, columns, relationships, and database properties. It visually represents the structure of the data, as implemented by a relational database schema (e.g., tables, columns, indexes, constraints, primary and foreign keys). In other words, by defining a physical data model, the database schema can be derived automatically. The logical model, which was derived from the business concepts (or, conceptual model), is in turn adapted for database deployment. PDM, as it is sometimes known, involves the final stage of planning. This stage involves an absolute design of the database implementation, which is often completed by a data architect, or a database administrator. As such, the CDM, LDM and PDM phases are finalized. The key aspects of PDM are (DataModel.com): For each Class: The Stereotype must be set to Table. The Database setting must be set to a specific DBMS. Update the Attributes to reflect Columns Typed to the specific DBMS Field types. Add more detail to the Connectors (relationships), in order to define the Primary Key (and Foreign Key) linking. Further details can be added to the derived physical model. These include setting: Stored Procedures: (A stored procedure is a group of SQL statements that form a logical unit and perform a particular task. Stored procedures are used to encapsulate a set of operations or queries to execute on a database server. They can be compiled and executed with different parameters and results, and they can have any combination of input, output and input/output parameters.) Views: (A Database View defines a subset of the database, aggregated into a dynamic, virtual table. The information presented by a Database View is not physically replicated. It is simply automatically derived based on the query that defines the view.) Common characteristics of a physical data model (DataModel.com): Typically describes data requirements for a single project or application, sometimes even a portion of an application. May be integrated with other physical data models via a repository of shared entities Typically contains 10-1000 tables, although these numbers are highly variable depending on the scope of the data model. Contains relationships between tables that address cardinality and nullability (optionality) of the relationships. Designed and developed to be dependent on a specific version of a DBMS, data storage location or technology. Columns will contain precision- and length-assigned datatypes. Columns will have nullability (optionality) assigned. Tables and columns will have definitions. It will also include other physical objects such as views, primary key constraints, foreign key constraints, indexes, security roles, store procedures, XML extensions, file stores, etc. The diagram of a physical data model may show only a tiny percentage of the meta data contained within the model. Physical Model for Vinces Vinyl: This model builds on the nonphysical (conceptual and logical) models that have been crafted. (See screenshot below.) (Special note: In case the above sample is insufficient, I am including the database diagram that I also submitted for the Scenario Activity.)

Momadays The Way To Rainy Mountain: Summary :: essays research papers

Momaday's The Way to Rainy Mountain: Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  N. Scott Momaday divides his book The Way to Rainy Mountain in an interesting manner. The book is divided into three chapters, each of which contains a dozen or so numbered sections, each of which is divided into three parts. The first part of each numbered section tends to be a legend or a story of the Kiowa culture. However, this characteristic changes a bit as the book evolves, as does the style and feel of the stories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first passage in the first numbered section describes the Kiowa creation myth. It tells that they came into the world through a hollow log. The next ones tell of a dog saving the life of a man, the story of how Tai-me became part of their culture, and other stories. These, especially in the first beginning of the first part, are stories which relate timeless tales. The events described took place long ago, though nobody knows how long. In addition, the endings of the tales would probably be described as having a good outcome. The people were created and they found friends in the physical and spiritual world. The first part of the book describes the beginning of the Kiowa culture and their development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Towards the end of the first part, the tone of the stories changes. Instead of describing different stories each time, they begin to tell a story which continues through six numbered sections. The story relates the life of a baby who grows into the sun's wife who then has a  ·child who becomes two children, who become honored people in the eyes of the Kiowa. These stories do not explain things like the creation of the people, or the reason dogs and men are friends, or the origin of Tai-me. They tell what happened to some people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last part of the book, the last third, is mostly narrative. Instead of telling myths to explain things, Momaday tells stories which relate events without any significant outcome. Also, in contrast to the first part of the book, the outcomes seem to be bad ones, or at least not fulfilling. They describe, for a large part, people whom he knows existed and were related to or were friends of his family. One story tells about Mammedaty, who heard someone whistling to him, but could not find the person. Another tells about how Mammedaty was having trouble with a horse, so he shot an arrow at it, but missed and killed another horse. These endings do not leave the reader or listener with a good feeling

The Temporal Lobe and its Effects on Language Essay -- Neurology Neuro

The Temporal Lobe and its Effects on Language My paper has to due with the duties of a Neuropsychologists when examining damage or abnomalities to the Temporal lobe of the human brain and the various impairments that can happen to language. The temporal lobe is a vital area of the brain for many of the humans abilities such as memory and auditory processing, an also language. The neuropsychologist responsibility is for evaluating problems in this area when dealing with a client and implementing therapy solutions. Also the duties of a neuropsychologist are in the aspects of research and developing tools to assist people with temporal lobe malfunctions and other areas of the body too. This paper will delve into these functions of a neuropsychologist and how the practitioner uses these tools to assist people with the various afflictions that arise from problems in the human temporal lobe. A pivotal area of the temporal lobe and language comprehension is the Wernike’s area. When theirs damage to this section of the brain a condition related to language problems is known as Wernike’s Aphasia. Aphasia is known as a severe language impairment but with this version the person is still able to speak fluently but are unable to comprehend written and spoken language. (Kalat, 2005) The principal signs of aphasia are impairments in the ability to express oneself when speaking, trouble understanding speech, and difficulty with reading and writing. Aphasia is most often the result of stroke or head injury, but can also occur in other neurological disorders, such as brain tumor or Alzheimer's disease. The effects of aphasia differ from person to person, and can sometimes b... ...areas of the brain. Unfortunately my client’s condition has not improved from the help of these professionals, and treatments for him are almost to a stand still or non-existent. Works Cited Aphasia.org (2005). Introduction to Aphasia. Retrieved May 2,2005. From Aphasia.org. Appel, A. (1997) What is a Neuropsychologist. Retrieved April 23, 2005. From tbidoc.com. British Medical Association. (2003). Mesial temporal sclerosis lobe epilepsy. Retrieved April 24, 2005. From WWW.info-trac.com. Kalat, J. (2004). Biological Psychology. 8Th edition, Chapter 15.3. Martin, R.C. (2003). Language processing: functional organization and neuroanatomical. Annual Review of Psychology. Annual 2003 p55(35). NewsRX. (2001). Area of Language Recovery in Brain Imaged. Pain & Central Nervous System Week. Jan 13, 2001 p14.

Habitat for Humanity: I Helped Make A Difference :: Community Service, Service Learning

Habitat for Humanity’s goal is to provide affordable homes for low†income families. This requirement surprisingly fits many of the residents of Midland and as a result needs more volunteers to help build these homes. One can assist by painting, clearing lots, aiding in the construction, and much more. I was fortunate enough to meet some of the homeowners and those in process of obtaining one. These people were so uplifting and encouraging to one another that it made my days of volunteering more enjoyable then ever imagined. Working beside them I really got to know them and learn about their situations and future goals for their families. I can recall one instance in which I met a lady who was a single mother trying to provide a better home for her daughter who had severe allergies. When the home we were building came closer to completion, I wondered if we’d place grass on the front and back yards. Continuously questioning our team leader, I finally received my answer. No. It turned out that the lady whom I mentioned earlier would sacrifice having a yard full of grass in order to help her daughter’s allergies, she would also have no carpet due to the dust. After learning of this wonderful deed for the sake of her daughter, I looked up to this woman who was truly unselfish and caring for her daughter’s well being. This home would not only be a representation of her countless hours but also an extension in the preservation of her daughter’s health. Day after day I would apply my skills in painting these homes alongside others who deeply wanted to provide the best quality in their workmanship for those that would soon be moving in. I can’t even express how many times I tried to make a straight line when outlining the frames of the windows and doors in paint. However, their desire to make things appear the best made me want to try harder. After completing a home a dedication ceremony would be held in honor of the family moving in. All that work would be expressed in a single reward, a deserving family with a new home.

Significamt Health Care Event

Significant Health Care Event Violet Sowell HCS/ 531 Feburary 4, 2013 Regina Phelps Significant Health Care Event In the paper the topic to be discussed is a significant healthcare event. There are many events that have an impact on healthcare. The significant event that will be discussed in more detail is managed care. The main points to be discussed in further details are how managed care relates to the changes in health care, has managed care impacted the historical evolution of health care, and based on beliefs and values do I agree with managed care’s significance.To fully understand the significant health care event managed care first needs to be defined. According to Shi, L. , & Singh, D. (2012), â€Å"Managed care is a system of health care delivery that seeks to achieve efficiencies by integrating the four functions of health care delivery discussed earlier, employs mechanisms to control (managed) utilization of medical services, and determines the price at which the services are purchased and, consequently, how much the provides get paid† (P. 8). Managed Care Relating to the Changes in Health CareHealth care costs are rising significantly throughout the years. In the 1990s rising cost in managed care grew rapidly resulting in consumers to keep up with these rising costs. Individuals who are paying health care insurance out of pocket are struggling to pay these costs. Conklin, T. stated, â€Å"Managed care-on the other hand-reflects a significant change in doing business that gradually reached most areas of the health care arena† (2002). With the changes in health care costs hospital admissions are reducing, increase of ambulatory care, out-patient surgeries, and home care (Conklin, T, 2012).Individuals’ deductibles and co-pays are increasing in result of managed care. There are many struggles that health providers face when working in managed care. Raiz, I. A. (2006), â€Å"The experiences of mental health providers workin g in managed care settings have paralleled those of providers working in the general health care field, as both are affected by market place trends† (P. 2). Different health providers are affected by the changes in managed care in one way or the other. Managed Care’s impact on Historical Evolution of Health CareI believe that that managed care impacted the historical evolution of health care. When managed care was developed in the United States the main purpose was to improve medical care outcomes as well as efficiency. Westert, G. P. , â€Å"During the second half of the twentieth century, managed care developed in the United States as a mechanism for constraining the growth of health care costs by controlling the delivery system† (2005). The federal government decided to offer managed care options through Medicare because of the growing expenses that the elderly have to through Medicare.Westert, â€Å"Reductions in health care utilization brought about by mana ged care in the western United States have been adopted in other areas of the nation and the world† (2005). After the increase of managed care through the 1980’s and 1990’s as well as the twentieth century managed care began to decline. The association between the plans and the health care providers began to weaken in the United States when dealing with managed care. Once managed care began rising in cost consumers and providers decided to look elsewhere. Managed care began to change so that the health care providers and consumers come back to use the plans.When managed care began to decline the increase of insurance deductibles for employee offered by the employers. Agreeing with Managed Care’s Significance based on beliefs and values Based on my beliefs and values I personally agree on managed care’s significance. Managed care has had up and downs throughout the years. The federal government has changed managed care to help the consumers and provi ders to ensure efficiency and effectiveness for the patient’s. Managed care offers employers the chance to raise deductibles in order to lower insurance premiums. ConclusionManaged care has made an impact on the evolution of health care beginning with the decline of health care cost to the increase in these costs. Managed care has been changed over the years to better improve the plans for consumers and providers. The federal government is working to find way to improve health care costs for the consumers so that the costs are affordable. References Conklin, T. P. (2002). Health Care in the â€Å"United States: An evolving system. Families & HealthCare. Vol. &, no. 1, Fall 2002. Retrieved from http://hdl. handle. net/2027/spo. 919087. 0007. 102 Riaz, I. A. (2006). The effect of managed care on professional psychology. Spalding University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 132-132 p. Retrieved fromhttp://search. proquest. com/docview/304917965? accountid=35812. (304917965 ). Shi, L. , & Singh, D. (2012). Delivering health care in America: A system approach. (5th ed). Boston, Ma: Jones and Bartlett. Westert, G. P. (2005). Current and future developments in managed care in the United States and implications for Europe. Retrieved from http://www. health-policy-systems. com/content/3/1/4

Site visit report

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So, what Royal solicit Theatre is and what its facilities are?Fi rst of all it is necessary to pay special financial aid to the Web-site of the Royal Court Theatre. Its a great web-place which differs from thousands of another(prenominal) cultural places web- rogues by its original see and convenient track down system. Would like to distinguish such(prenominal) sub-page of this site as Visiting. Very effective and in-time data is given on that headspring. The complete theatre address is given. The potential visitor sack piddle here the dilate information regarding how to get to the theatre. The authorities bring on taken into consideration all the particularities and details.For manakin, such declaration as (Royal Court Theatre web-site, 2006) enliven note that the station itself is not handy for wheelchair users (n. p.) it testifies the high level of the theatre services. The detailed information just about parking all around theatres stain is given. For example it is submitted that the theatre has no gondola car park mor eover the information about the nearest parking is given. It is said that there is on street parking later 6.30pm. Each sight excessively get the most convenient route how to get to the theatre. All the bus and subway routes are graveled by the web-site.The write up of the theatre in its not too long but rattling interesting version is excessively present on the web-site. From this information one sewer understand easily the very concept of the theatre performances and then to call for a play for visiting (their declaration is given on the main page).The other interesting thing Bar a special sub-page in which the visitor merchant ship get known about the take facilities of the theatre(Royal Court Theatre web-site, 2006) The Royal Courts halt AND FOOD facilities occupy the nineteenth ampere-second auditorium pit, the original vaults under the pavement and a completely new spacious lobby built underneath Sloane Square (n. p.). The catalogue of coffee intervals is give n. In the very click of the page it is doted out Service is not included. So, a visitor gets safe information till the visiting theatre- thats a very strong point in favour of the theatre.Special page for students is also created on this web-site with honest description of full students events and so on. At first glance, the design and structure if the web-site is very simple but each sub-page contains other pages with very detailed information on each of them. For example, students page has such sub-pages as Student events, amount hype, Bar and food.It can be said that the Royal Court Theatre is a bright example of a well developed cultural structure. In order to analyze its functions efficiently it will be helpful to do that step by step. First among those is the announce of the place. Once we got out from the bus in capital of the United Kingdom we already saw a rather big billboard with the Royal Court Theatre advertising. So, from the very origination of our visit to L ondon we already knew that such theatre can be visited by us in this city. Thats a very big point in favor of this establishment.While traveling all over the city other advertisings of the theatre have been noted by us as well. And in Sloane Square the booklets with the theatres advertising were distributed. In those leaflets the short information about theatres history and actual exhibitions was submitted. All these additional intend of advertising were coherent professionally. Besides, there always exists some other kind of advertising it is so called verbal advertising from the part pf people who have already visited the theatre. In other cultural sites which we visited in London many people gave us sound calls on the Royal Court Theatre.So, if to enter the advertising activities of the theatre by the ordered series of 10, it can be estimated as 10 points and thats completely justified.The second point to be estimated is the visitor management. This activities start to be estimated when a visitor is in the theatre already. The staff of the theatre is composed by professional people and that can be noted as soon as one gets inner(a). Both external and natural design of the theatre can cope with the most beautiful theatres of the world. When getting inside a beautiful hall arranged in somewhat old look with high walls and spacious upper side involves visitors into the atmosphere of theatre mystic.Marvellous French windows upgrade even more beauty to the theatre premise. Special premises for coffee brakes, toilets are situated in such vogue that they do not distract visitors solicitude from the principle theatre attributes.Regarding the interpretation of the performances it can said that the authors intromission never can be set up for all visitors as each of them has his own opinion. Nevertheless, the performance of the two plays I was present on impressed me and I was equalise with the authors vision. Whats more, I even have changed my seein g of authorized problems after seeing plays. This fact testifies the high professional level of the theatre plays.